Hakker wrote...
You can't count words as it has no use to count them, because different nations use different forms to count them. for instance one country record serious and seriously as one word but with a different compound while another country says it are two words. Also you say 500k is much yet some people say english has 400K words. Others go as far as nearly 850K and others say 100K. Also mentioning how many words an average person knows varies from 30K to about 100K see the huge amount of differences.
Therefor saying chinese is hard based on facts alone is ridiculous. Chinese itself isn't so difficult as many would think the problem with chinese is that each province has their own dialect and these differences are larger than for instance a texan speaking to a new yorker ;)
What I see around me people consider dutch a hard language as well but that has more to do with the sentence building than the words itself. That and the fact that we have numerous words you write the same that have completely different meanings.
Dutch generally consider french a hard language to learn since it sentence structure differ so much from dutch, yet spanish is considered easier. The difficulty of a language has more to do with someones native tongue than the language you want to learn. if your own language has more similarities with the language you want to learn it will make translating it thus absorbing it easier then when it has few similarities.
One: There really isn't a proper way to count words across languages and so one would have to make do with generalisations, and that is what those in charge of cataloging these languages try to do. It would be extremely time-consuming and inefficient to include every single exception and factor when all you need is an overall answer.
Two: Those who have said that Chinese is hard haven't just been putting forth that there are a large amount of words; rather, they have a large number of definitons, and with those more pronunciations. It's also not hard to "guestimate" the meaning or pronunciation of most words in languages with roots in Latin, whereas in Chinese, it's a lot harder.
It's not the range of words a person knows that matters, since many factors could be taken into consideration e.g age of population, education, health problems etc, but rather what the average person would know, since it is less biased and more likely to give a more accurate result and comparison.
Another point to bring up is the example of a New Yorker speaking to a Texan. What you have there is a difference in accent and perhaps a choice of words, but one would be able to have a conversation. A better one might be someone who learnt Oxford English talking to say, someone who learnt from reading descriptions off food packaging. In Chinese, trying to communicate with someone who speaks a different dialect can be near impossible, take for example, Mandarin and Cantonese, the most common "dialects". Mandarin is a stricter language, and uses only four main tones, while Cantonese is more informal, and uses nine main tones. Pronunciation is of course extremely different, as well as choices in vocabulary and even grammatical structures are quite different. The only thing that is common to all dialects is the writing sytem, but even then different words are created by each region and as one cannot guess characters in Chinese, it complicates things further.
Another example would be that university level professors could probably tell you the correct spelling, root, definition and use of just about any word in, say, Dutch, but they can't tell you how to write all three characters for the verb "to sneeze" in Chinese. In a bid to make the language easier, China introduced a simplified system of writing, and even the Taiwanese had to create an alphabet similar to hiragana and katakana in Japanese to help literacy rates, whereas one does not see simplifications of spelling being called for in Western languages by governments, the representatives of the countries' populations.
Of course, it is all relative to what language one has learnt first and/or is most familiar with, as similarities will help, but you cannot deny the fact that it is harder to learn certain languages.
TL;DR - Chinese is definitely one of the hardest languages to learn, if not the hardest, and although similarities do make it easier for someone to learn related languages, Japanese would be the closest thing to Chinese (as Korean barely makes use of any Chinese characters in modern day use), and even then it's not easy to start from there.