42 wrote...
Where did you study political science? Seriously, this is not a rhetorical question. The basics of political science begins with Plato and Aristotle and both of them prove the concept of Natural Rights as far as I remember (well, not so much for Plato). This is the basics of political science... unless you come from these modern schools of thought who think the Government and Society are gods.
That kind of makes me wonder where you studied political science (penn state for me) because that's the biggest load of bull I've ever heard.
Plato did a lot to contribute to what we call modern philosophy, but as far as politics and laws and morals go, he got a lot of shit wrong. Here's some things he said.
1. Children should be taken from their parents and raised in creches.
2. There ought to be a Philosopher King chosen from the guardian class.
3. There ought to be an authoritarian dictatorship.
Did you think that the concept of rights and the discussion of such stopped 2 thousand years ago? We're kind of...advanced past them by a very wide margin.
There's also the strange and long abandoned concept of Platonic metaphysics, where Plato thought there was a physical substance literally called "The Good" that is in the world that we encounter.
Plato and Aristotle were wrong.
And as far as anything being 'proved' within philosophy, you demonstrate a lack of understanding as to how any epistemology works. Except for mathematical proofs, there's no such thing as a 100% airtight sound and valid proof of anything in philosophy. There's always a chance for error, no matter how good an argument is. And I'm echoing sentiments of christian philosophers who wish they could prove god existed like Alvin Plantinga and Soren Kierkegaard and Blaise Pascal(who was a mathematician, literally the best of his time and possibly of all time).
Yes, the exercise of many rights are dependent on someone else's guarantee that given action or state will not be intervened, but this talks about the exercise of rights, not their origin or existence. A right that is arbitrarily given to a subject is the concept of Legal Rights. Rights that are usually a made out of a consensus in a given group, a right inherent to a certain culture, made to create the sense of order in the perception of a that culture. Actually, many Legal Rights infer in the concept of duties to others but even then, Guarantee is very different than Privilege.
It'd be great if you could demonstrate how. Besides, abortion and the ability to choose is a Legal Right. So even if you were right and Natural Rights were even a tenable position, taking into account legal rights, natural rights clearly have nothing to do with being pro choice.
A Natural Right is a right that is independent from laws, beliefs, customs or consensus and is universal to all human beings because its a right directly connected to Reality and the Human nature. A natural right stems directly from the concept of Ownership which in turn is directly connected to the concept of Power. All natural concepts.
Firstly, Ownership is a legal thing. I don't get to just own land because I want it. I have to perform work on it, reciprocate it, and even then I have no right to just go onto someone else's land, work on it, and then claim it's mine. This is Locke 101. So as far as Ownership goes, that's what you would define as a Legal Right. And the only right that 'power' could possibly give is the right to kill, or prevent killing, which are contradictory rights, and as such power is an absurd thing to derive any rights from.
To own something you need to have Power over something, and Power is specifically the Capacity of Action. If you cannot perform an action you do not have power, you cannot own, if you cannot own whatever the object is, you don’t have any right over it. And the concept of Natural Right exist specifically because as soon as you start to exist as an entity you automatically need a physical body, as soon as you have a physical body you control this physical body (Capacity of action), therefore you own your body before anyone else can come to bestow one about you. A natural right to the integrity of your own body. Seriously, this is the basics of the philosophy of freedoms and rights. Or do you believe people could not walk and breathe before a governmental figure appeared to concede them these rights? Even the concept of Violation of Rights need the Right to exist before (you cannot violate something that doesn't exist). Under the concept of rights as privileges, attacking an outcast out of nowhere is no right violation because as natural rights do not exist and there wasn't any governmental figure to concede the outcast the right to his body before the attack, the attack isn't violating any right at all as the outcast doesn't have any. It destroys the concept of freedom and that all men are born equal and things like Slavery (to own someone else's freedom over the power you have over his/her body) becomes morally sustainable. It's a very primitive and wild understanding of rights where the law of the stronger is above everything else. It completely disregards our natural social structure and becomes nothing different than the wild life of primitive animals.
So without really demonstrating the validity of your case for natural rights, you simply assert a misunderstanding of Locke's position of Ownership and Capacity to Action, but even if I were to presume everything you just said is true, then I can easily use it to support the pro choice side of the argument. The baby, is trespassing on the mother's territory. The mother has the 'natural right' to her own body, and the fetus, without being able to do anything except essentially drain the mother's body of vitality and cause her sickness without even being consciously able to understand that that's what it's doing, is for some reason given domain over it? You're violating your own position.
If right is only privilege then the freedom you have over your own entity is just a different degree of slavery, as your freedom is primordially controlled by someone else. Which is ironic, if right is a privilege and all rights are only legal rights then you should have no problem with the anti-abortion movement, as it's a movement rooted on christian beliefs which is the majority in the USA, they can simply make all the laws as they see fit and screw your natural rights of freedom of thinking and expression. They can pretty much take that privilege from you as they are the majority and can control the consensus. A democratic dictatorship, where the majority rules all and the minority only exist as the weak to justify the strong.
So if rights are privileges, we're all slaves. Appeal to consequences fallacy and a rather huge slippery slope argument that makes no sense. While the case of me having freedom within society is controlled(and it is controlled, even by your standards it's controlled because we have prison systems) what I choose to DO with that freedom is soley controlled by me. So it's not slavery. That's retarded.
Also, calling the anti-abortion movement a christian movement is epically retarded. I've argued with atheists that are pro life, I've argued with jews that are pro life, I've had other christians actually tell me they're pro choice, I KNOW several christians personally that are pro choice, so it's not so simple as, "Christianity is the basis for some of the anti-abortionists, christianity makes up the majority, therefore it's ok."
Besides, where did I ever say that might makes right? We don't live in a democracy we live in a democratic republic, for good reason. Because by and large people are stupid and the Founding Fathers knew ahead of time that mob rule is not a rational way to determine policy. But you already knew that and we'll be getting into that in a moment.
Luckily for us Plato developed the concept of Republic to undermine the power of will from the majority and Aristotle forged the base of natural universal rights, and because of that you have the freedom to believe whatever you want about what is a Right, even if that belief goes against yourself.
1. Plato thought we should live in a dictatorship, so I'm not giving him credit for us having a republic.
2. Aristotle didn't forge jack shit, and wouldn't need to for us to have the ability to believe whatever we want about anything because we already have that right bestowed upon us by the government and each other because...we can't read minds. Of course, if we COULD read minds, then that DOES in fact become an option we can disagree or agree with.
3. Aristotle's only lasting contribution to western thought has been in the realm of Ethics, and even then those have had to be reformulated to be what they're now called 'Neo-Aristotlian Ethics"
So yeah. I kind of know a little bit more about these guys and how philosophy works than you, evidently.
These are legal rights, rights that are made out of consensus from a culture, which in turn are dependent to the cosmological perception of reality from that culture. And they'll obviously change from society to society.
And even then, a kid's natural right is always secured, body integrity for example.
A child's rights are of course undermined in the face of an adult's right but that is specifically because the capacity of action from a child is much lower than that of an adult, a child doesn’t have a natural capacity to understand many complex subjects because its cognition is still on formation, therefore cannot make important decision on their own or manage a complex system. These legal understandings are essential to the concept of Age of Consent, Liability and Family Structure.
The right to education is not a natural right, it needs a guarantee from another, its a Legal Right.
1. Legal Rights, as far as I'm concerned, seem to be the only rights we have. As you haven't demonstrated any 'natural rights' that cannot be impeded upon by other people. And if they are "natural rights" then they shouldn't be able to.
2. A child has the Capacity to Act in defiance of his parents, but we don't really care, and decide the parents get the right to inject him with a needle for his own safety. We also have the right to take that right away from the parents and give them to other people if the parents don't demonstrate a capacity to perform responsibly.
From the concept of ownership.
Which, from your definitions, would be a legal right. That's why we have these things called Deeds.
Why do you think it is the case that when I perform work upon the Ocean, and have the capacity to act upon the Ocean, or pour my own property into the Ocean, I never gain an ocean? I never own the ocean? Why is that the case if this "ownership" thing is just so all encompassing.
You seem to be reversing the logic of rights. You're not being reprimanded because you “abuse” your rights, you are being reprimanded because you're threatening the right of others,
Through the abuse of your own. Yes. Exactly. Thanks for repeating what I said.
invading their field of control (ownership). And of course, as legal rights will change from society to society your degree of freedom will change from society to society, and if you believe USA is a laissez-faire society you're very mistaken.
I'm fucking GLAD it's not a laissez-faire society. That would ruin us.
A governmental body, as any other entity, can decide to overrule natural rights with their own legal understanding (as many totalitarian society have done in the past), but that isn't to say natural rights doesn't exist as an empirical conclusion.
Actually it is. Because if something grants unto you a Right, then the only thing that can take that Right away, is the one who granted you that Right. And since society can take away rights, then society is what gives you those rights. Simple. If they're natural rights, we shouldn't be able to take them away. But through some sort of miracle apparently we can.
So I’ll repeat, if a fertilized egg is an human being, it has natural rights of its own, and the abortion would constitute the violation of one of these rights, an act of killing.
Well you can define a human being as having whatever arbitrary right you came up with all you want but the fact of the matter is that we don't grant 'human beings' the right to life, in fact we can revoke them in the cases of the death penalty if we so desire. We give 'persons' the right to life. And 'person' and 'human being' are not synonymous. :)
No because the right to kill another human being cannot be a natural right as it constitutes the violation of someone else's right to live. The right to kill is only justified under the concept of ownership if your own physical integrity is threatened directly by someone else's action, meaning that someone else would have to violate your right first. The principle of first aggression.
Nature doesn't really care if you're violating another person's right to life. It certainly doesn't do anything to prevent you from committing genocide does it? Therefore Nature doesn't grant us that right, if it is the case that we do not have the right to genocide, because, as I said, nature doesn't prevent us from doing it, whatsoever.
Natural right is not absolute freedom.
Then where do you draw the line and how?
Hint: this is a rhetorical question ,as drawing any line is a result of you determining rights, not nature. ;)
Cancer is not a human being.
No, but it is all natural. And it has all the DNA of a human in it. so what prevents it from being a human being in your opinion? I agree, I just think this'l be funny, as I'm going to guess whatever you use to delineate it from being a human being can be equally applicable to a zygote.
About Hobbes, even though I consider him a bad philosopher that isn't to say everything he said was wrong. But that statement of his was empty, it doesn’t truly quantify anything, it pretty much talks that we think before we act, but doesn’t give an insight of how the act behaves.
So you have no comment on it except, "I don't see how that means anything substantial." gotcha. No refutation there. Also I would LOVE to know your justification for thinking Hobbes is a bad philosopher. Since he, oh I dunno, is one of the reasons the U.S. has the government t has today.
Well, I cannot remember all of them from the top of my head, I don't even remember seeing a concise list of them, but from what I can remember right now: Right to Live, to move, to think, to express... basically anything related to your own body (the primordial ownership).
And to know about natural rights just study philosophy over the topic of freedom.
As if this is some sort of mainstream fully agreed on consensus among philosophers, I just have to lol. You can bollocks on about 'ownership' all you want, but it's been established since Locke that ownership has to do not just with the capacity to act, but also agreement over who gets what, which can be determined by who does more work, or was there first, or a number of other different things. It's not a natural thing, it's an agreed upon thing.
If you don't have a full and concise list of all the natural rights, where they come from, how we came to have them, and an explanation as to how it's impossible for humans to take away those rights, then I'm sorry, but from my perspective it just seems to me you're making shit up, calling whatever you want to feel secure about a natural right, and that you don't know what you're talking about.
Oh that explains it then.
*shrug* well excuse me for thinking my one semester of political science isn't enough to justify what I say, and I would prefer a friend who has a Master's in the subject check my work and what you say before I comment on it. It's just intellectual honesty.
Honestly your whole argument to me feels like you just want to believe in natural rights because it makes you feel good.