Mayan Astronomy is far more advanced than most of the prevailing astronomical mindsets that were contemporaries of this civilization. Our idea of a summer and winter “solstice” is actually derived from Mayan astronomy. The scientists of the Mayan era understood the relationship between the Sun and latitudes. They built their villages in locations beneath a preset latitude in order to make the most use of the Sun and its patterns.
Venus played a large part in Mayan astronomy as well. Entire almanacs were created in order to document Venus in every moment of its cycle. Wars and battles were timed in order to take advantage of Venus’ distance from Earth. For reasons not completely known, this planet seemed to be, to the Mayans, the most important figure in the sky. More important even, than the Sun, according to Mayan astronomy.
Perhaps the best example of just how advanced and intelligent these people were is evident in their studies of the moon. The Mayans understood the pattern of the lunar cycle and in fact used it as a timekeeping device. Since the lunar cycle is about twenty-nine and a half days, the Mayans are responsible for creating the semi-concrete structure of time known to us as “a month”. The lunar studies conducted in Mayan astronomy were so in depth, in fact, that accurate predictions for lunar eclipses were made with consistent success. This is even more remarkable considering that civilizations even centuries later were still filled with awe and confusion over something these Mayans considered business as usual.
The reason why I used this extract is because the calendars that the mayans have that predict the end of the world in 2012 was made from their astronomy. However I am not saying that I believe in the mayans prediction but rather that I do not care.