Two words, Russell's Teapot. The burden of proof does not rest on the skeptic but, rather on the person making the claim. Religious people can not provide scientific or materialistic proof that their God Exists. Until they do, their God does not exist in the eyes of the scientific community. Is it really that absurd to demand proof of a persons claim? The rest of society does this and yet, when we apply this to religion somehow it makes the entire system irrelevant.
As I stated above, science isn't equipped to address this question because "the scientific community" hasn't decided what kind of evidence should result from the truth of the statement "a god exists." This requires making assumptions or creating definitions for the nature of the god in question. Rigorously define the type of evidence that would prove that a god exists, why this particular evidence would prove that a god exists, and why this particular evidence would be present if a god exists and then we are in business. After all, science can only test and "prove" gravity because there is an agreed upon expectation of what evidence will be observed if the theory of gravity is correct.
Finding one that is thoroughly convincing is quite difficult. This is why such statements of evidence in favor of religion as(very rough version here but you should get the point) "We know something doesn't come from nothing and the universe is here, therefore the universe didn't come from nothing so it must have come from a god" haven't settled the debate.
Either way, the burden of proof rests equally on both the skeptic and the believer. The skeptic needs to prove that it isn't true, and the believer needs to prove that it is true, otherwise is just remains and unknown(though based on the evidence, one might be willing to assume it to be more or less probable). Even in the case of Russel's Teapot, the defense he suggests seems to be "That's absurd, you made it up." That clearly doesn't prove him false. The better defense is "You have made an assertion that is untestable." Something that can't be defined and tested can never be a scientific truth, though it can also never be proved to be a scientific falsehood. Philosophy would still be willing to consider his premise.
However, our systems for testing and understanding the universe are based on assumptions. Mathematics has axioms. Science assumes that we are observing reality. But how do we know that we have made the right assumptions? This is another topic to which philosophers have devoted much thought and to which no definite answer is agreed upon(How do we know what truth is and how do we know that we know anything?) If one concludes here that science is the only valid way of understanding the world and that truth consists of only those things which can be shown to be scientific truths, then the statement "a god exists" is not a truth(unless it can be shown to be a scientific truth and we just haven't discovered this yet). But that either requires extensive arguments or a whole lot of assumptions.
Fiery_penguin_of_doom wrote...
WhiteLion wrote...
I personally think the question of whether some type of god exists falls into the same catagory as such questions as whether oneself exists. For the latter, it is impossible to mount a scientific defense, as the whole idea of science assumes that one exists and that what one observes is real. Do I exist? Can I prove that I exist? Answers to these questions range from DesCartes's "I think therefore I am" to a statement more along the lines of "No, I can't prove that I exist and I may not exist."
The "I can't prove I exist, therefore I don't" sounds like convoluted, existential nonsense.
First off, it's "I can't figure out how to prove that I exist, therefore I might not and there is a reasonable chance that I don't exist."
Suppose I choose to be a skeptic in the case of my or your existence. You can point to me or point to yourself and say "Here I am, I exist." But that assumes that what I experience through my senses is reality. This assumption generally underlies science, but for philosophers, this has not been good enough. How do you prove to me that you exist? What if the evidence convinces you but not me? If the onus is on you to present evidence that convinces me and is highly resilient against dispute, you are in trouble. This is not simply existential nonsense, but an important part of philosophy to which many great philosophers have devoted numerous words and about which they have reached very divergent conclusions.
(An interesting side note related to a sort of application of these idea. There is a theorem in mathematics that proves that based on the way our system of mathematics is constructed, there exist statements that cannot be proved true or false, that is, the truth value of them is unknowable. See Goedel's Incompleteness Theorem.)
The ultimate point of all this is that any discussion trying to provide arguments or proof for either the existence or nonexistence of a god requires much more depth than simply saying "show me measurable evidence." If one is able to define the existence of god in such a way as to make it a testable and agreed upon scientific hypothesis(difficult at best), then a scientific conclusion can be reached. Otherwise, one is left with the assumption that a combination of being untestable and seeming absurd to the skeptic means that a god doesn't exist, a position that is intuitively reasonable but very vulnerable logically.